That wasn’t so hard, was it? It only took the worst real estate slump in a generation, an economy grinding to a department-of-motor-vehicles pace, and a crisis of confidence in the heart of the mortgage finance system to get the gigantic housing bill to the finish line. The legislation, which is expected to be signed into law by President Bush, is hugely ambitious, seeking at once to stem the tide of home foreclosures and restore confidence in mortgage finance giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. To critics, it’s a bailout. To supporters, it’s a rescue. But no matter what you call it, it is the most sweeping housing measure in decades. Here’s how it will affect you:
Struggling homeowners: A key provision of the legislation would allow homeowners who can’t make their mortgage payments to refinance into more affordable, fixed-rate loans insured by the federal government. Under the plan, the Federal Housing Administration can guarantee up to $300 billion of such loans, enough to modify an estimated 400,000 mortgages. To participate, lenders would have to write down the original loan balance, taking a financial hit in the process.
“It’s a help, but it’s modest in comparison to the number of homeowners who are facing default and foreclosure,” says Mark Zandi, chief economist of Moody’s Economy.com. Zandi says the nation could face nearly 3 million first-mortgage defaults this year. Of those, as many as 1.5 million mortgage holders could lose their homes. “That 400,000 [of loans that will be modified under the law] is over the life of the program,” Zandi says. “So I don’t know if that provides much relief in 2008.”
First-time home buyers: The housing legislation would also benefit first-time home buyers through a tax credit worth as much as $7,500. The credit, however, isn’t a grant, but essentially an interest-free loan that must be paid back over 15 years. The outstanding balance must be paid back to the government if the property is sold for more than the original purchase price and the tax credit hasn’t been fully repaid. James Glassman, a senior economist at JPMorgan Chase, says the tax credit is unlikely to increase demand from first-time home buyers all by itself. But when coupled with other factors—such as falling home prices—”it’s just one more thing that helps,” Glassman says.
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